Network security involves configuring and monitoring network environments and virtual instances to restrict and manage traffic between trusted and untrusted connections. The control description mentions the need for configuration reviews, documented justification for allowed services, protocols, ports, and compensating controls, all of which are aligned with the principles of network security.

The technical impact of this incident can be categorized as an integrity breach because the unauthorized modification of files represents a compromise to the integrity of the data. An integrity breach occurs when data is altered in an improper manner, which is exactly what happened when the files were overwritten with random data.

Organizations maintain mappings between different control frameworks they adopt primarily to avoid duplication of work when assessing compliance. This is because mapping helps identify controls that are equivalent or similar across different frameworks, thereby reducing the need for multiple assessments for the same control objective.

SAST (Static Application Security Testing) involves analyzing an application's source code or binaries without executing the program. This helps identify potential vulnerabilities in the code during the development phase.