To provision an Autonomous Database with a Private Endpoint in Oracle Cloud Infrastructure, the necessary resources that need to be configured include a Virtual Cloud Network (VCN), a Subnet, and a Network Security Group (NSG). The VCN is required to create the networking environment, the Subnet is necessary for allocating IP addresses, and the NSG is used for managing ingress and egress security rules for the database. While a route table and security list are also essential components within OCI, they are not explicitly required to be configured beforehand for this specific task of provisioning the Autonomous Database with Private Endpoint.