After editing the TCP wrapper configuration to grant specific hosts access to a service, when do these changes become effective?
After editing the TCP wrapper configuration to grant specific hosts access to a service, when do these changes become effective?
The new configuration becomes effective immediately for all new connections. TCP-wrapped services do not cache the rules from the hosts access files (/etc/hosts.allow and /etc/hosts.deny), so any changes made to these files are applied immediately without the need to restart any services or the system.
"The changes take effect immediately, there is no need to restart any service." https://learning.lpi.org/en/learning-materials/102-500/110/110.2/110.2_01/#:~:text=The%20changes%20take%20effect%20immediately%2C%20there%20is%20no%20need%20to%20restart%20any%20service.
E is correct indeed: "Any changes in either files (/etc/hosts.allow and /etc/hosts.deny) will come to effect immediately without restarting the network services." source: https://ostechnix.com/restrict-access-linux-servers-using-tcp-wrappers/
E is the correct Answer
"TCP-wrapped services do not cache the rules from the hosts access files, so any changes to hosts.allow or hosts.deny take effect immediately, without restarting network services. " source: https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/6/html/security_guide/sect-security_guide-tcp_wrappers_and_xinetd-tcp_wrappers_configuration_files
"The changes take effect immediately, there is no need to restart any service." https://learning.lpi.org/en/learning-materials/102-500/110/110.2/110.2_01/#:~:text=The%20changes%20take%20effect%20immediately%2C%20there%20is%20no%20need%20to%20restart%20any%20service.
E for sure and below is summary for all..just quick not this service is being phased out and replaced with firewall/iptables and not all services support it Controlling Access with TCP Wrappers: Two files control access to a TCP Wrapper service via IP address /etc/hosts.allow - allows access to IPs on the list /etc/hosts.deny - Blocks access to IPs on the list This is how the access is granted or denied based on the above two files when is service request comes in and order is as per below
Hosts.allow is checked for IP address of requester If IP is found then access is granted and nothing further needed or checked If IP not found in hosts.allow file then hosts.deny file is checked for the IP If IP is found then Access is DENIED If NOT found then access is GRANTED-ALLOWED If IP is NOT found in either files I.e. Allow and DENY then access is GRANTED As Note: use the ALL wild card in the /etc/hosts.deny ALL:ALL and ONLY necessary if using hosts.allow TCP-wrapped services do not cache the rules from the hosts access files, so any changes to hosts.allow or hosts.deny take effect immediately, without restarting network services.
It should be A