To configure OSPF on a Huawei router, the necessary steps include configuring a router ID, enabling an OSPF process, and specifying an OSPF area. Although a router ID can automatically be generated, it is a best practice to manually configure it to ensure stable and predictable OSPF operations. Configuring the network segments within each area is not strictly necessary as part of the initial OSPF configuration but is related to optimizing OSPF performance.