B - the binary log provides the detailed logging required for forensic investigations into database attacks.
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A.
WIN-ABCDE12345F.err (Error Log)
This file logs error messages, startup, and shutdown events.
B. [CORRECT]
WIN-ABCDE12345F-bin.n (Binary Log)
The binary log is a critical component of MySQL. It records all changes made to the database, such as queries that modify data (INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE). It also logs client connections and session activity, which makes it invaluable for forensic analysis.
C.
WIN-ABCDE12345F.pid (Process ID File)
This file contains the process ID of the running MySQL server.
D.
WIN-ABCDE12345F.log (General Log)
The general log records every query and command executed on the server, including connection and disconnection information.