C. They can turn on the Auto Stop feature for the SQL endpoint.
To minimize the total running time of the SQL endpoint used in the refresh schedule of their dashboard while ensuring that it only runs when necessary, the data engineer can turn on the Auto Stop feature for the SQL endpoint. This feature will automatically stop the SQL endpoint when it is idle for a specified period, reducing costs by avoiding unnecessary running time.
Option C allows you to efficiently manage the SQL endpoint's lifecycle, ensuring it's active only when needed, which aligns with the goal of minimizing running time and associated costs.
Option B (setting the dashboard's SQL endpoint to be serverless) can also be a valid approach, as it allows the SQL endpoint to be provisioned on-demand and incurs costs only when queries are executed. However, it depends on the specific requirements of your dashboard and queries.
Options A, D, and E do not directly address the goal of minimizing the SQL endpoint's running time while ensuring it runs when necessary.