Cloud computing is fundamentally based on pooling resources and virtualization is the technology used to convert fixed infrastructure into these pooled resources. Virtualization provides the abstraction needed for resource pools, which are then managed using orchestration

agreed

> As mentioned in the introduction, cloud computing is fundamentally based on virtualization: It’s how we abstract resources to create pools. Without virtualization, there is no cloud.

A. False While virtualization is a common technology used in many cloud services, not all cloud services rely on virtualization. There are different types of cloud services, and some may not utilize virtualization technologies. For example, in a serverless computing model, the cloud provider manages the infrastructure and runs the code on-demand without the need for the user to provision or manage virtual machines. Serverless computing abstracts away the underlying infrastructure and allows users to focus solely on their application logic without dealing with virtualization directly. Similarly, in a container-based cloud service, containers are used to package and run applications with lightweight virtualization, but it may not involve the use of traditional virtual machines. Therefore, it is not accurate to say that all cloud services utilize virtualization technologies.

No objection, all cloud systems are virtualized.