When a device successfully bypasses 802.1X and authenticates using MAB (MAC Authentication Bypass), it is still required to obtain an IP address through DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) to communicate on the network. In this case, the fact that the endpoint cannot obtain an IP address suggests an issue with the DHCP process.
The DHCP probe is a mechanism used by Cisco ISE to validate DHCP packets and ensure that the requests and responses are properly handled by the ISE infrastructure. If the DHCP probe is not functioning as expected, it can prevent DHCP traffic from reaching the DHCP server and, subsequently, hinder the endpoint from obtaining an IP address.