The amplification is done simultaneously for all channels as they enter the board.

As the incoming signal power increase, the gain of the amplifier is reduced.

The pump light travels in the same direction of the signal, amplifying it while it flows in the fiber towards the following node.

The pump light travels in the opposite direction of the signal to be amplified, amplifying it while it arrives from the adjacent node.

Transport multiple signals transparently, onto several wavelengths, all together over one single fiber

Increase the bit rate of each client signal by spreading it over multiple wavelengths

Share a single signal among multiple fibers doing load balancing, and thus increasing the reliability of the optical transmission

Allocate different signals to different time slots

Low noise

High distortion

High jitter

Presence of high inter-symbolic interference

FlexGrid allows a more efficient channel spacing.

Channels in FlexGrid systems are allocated with a granularity of 27.5 GHz.

FlexGrid systems use specific sets of boards. Old generation WDM systems need to be upgraded to support FlexGrid.

The FlexGrid is currently standardized by ITU-T.

Through the pre-amplifier, the optical signal is amplified at the receiver side after it travels along the fiber from another node.

Through the pre-amplifier, the optical signal is amplified at the transmitter side before it is sent to the line span.

Through the pre-amplifier, the optical signal is amplified both the receiver side and at me transmitter side.

Through the pre-amplifier, the optical signal is amplified within the node internally to recover internal losses due, for instance, to cascaded filters.