PE3 replicates the traffic and sends it to all PEs in its VPLS 1 flooding list.

PE3 adds an ESI label to packets forwarded to PE1 because PE1 is connected to the same Ethernet segment.

PE1 forwards the traffic received from PE3 to CE1, and CE1 discards it based upon the ESI label.

PE2 decapsulates the packets received from PE3 and forwards the frames to CE2.

CE1 generates an update message to PE1 withdrawing its MAC.

PE1 generates an update message to remote PEs identifying the new location of CE1.

PE2 advertises a MAC/IP route for MAC1 with a sequence number higher than that received from PE1.

PE3 waits to receive a data packet from CE1 to update its FDB entry for MAC1.

To advertise the MAC or MAC/IP addresses of locally-learned hosts

To advertise the redundancy mode of a local Ethernet segment

To discover all PEs participating in the same VPLS service

To discover all PEs attached to the same Ethernet segment

When forwarding BUM traffic, the local PE must replicate the traffic and send it as unicast to the advertising neighbor.

The MPLS label 524284 presented indicates the service label value that the neighbor 10.10.10.2 uses to forward BUM traffic to PE1.

When forwarding BUM traffic, the local PE uses an MPLS transport tunnel towards the advertising neighbor.

The IMET route is imported by a local VPLS configured with a route-target value of 65100:10.

PE2 advertises this BGP update for a locally-configured VPWS service.

PE1 uses this BGP update to build the flooding list of the associated service.

PE1 uses MPLS label 524284 when sending traffic destined to 00:00:00:02:10:02.

Neighbor 10.10.10.2 is connected to a multi-homed CE.