To ensure that you can insert rows into the underlying tables by using the view, you should create an INSTEAD OF trigger on the view. An INSTEAD OF trigger is executed instead of the data modification statement on which the trigger is defined (INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE). This allows you to define the specific actions that must happen to process the data modification statement, effectively making the view updatable.

To meet the requirements of returning rows only if the function returns data and minimizing the execution time, the best choice is to use the CROSS APPLY operator. CROSS APPLY allows for applying the function to each row of the outer table (Schema1.Table1) and returns rows only when the function returns data. INNER JOIN would not be as appropriate here because it could result in a Cartesian product, and LEFT JOIN could return rows even when the function returns no data, which does not meet the requirements. Therefore, the correct query is the one that uses CROSS APPLY.

To ensure that the view can update the data in the table except for the data in Column1, you should use 'WITH CHECK OPTION' in the view definition. This ensures that any updates or inserts through the view must meet the criteria specified in the WHERE clause. Therefore, the correct code segment to add at line 06 is 'WITH CHECK OPTION'.