Use SMF between the racks and interconnect the switches with LX4 transceivers.

Use a Virtual Chassis cable between the VCP cards.

Use MMF between the racks and interconnect the switches with SR4 transceivers.

Use a three-meter passive DAC cable between the racks and interconnect the switches with it.

IP-based applications do not require an overlay network to maintain connectivity.

Applications that require security needs an overlay to provide the security.

Applications that require Layer 2 adjacencies require an overlay network to maintain connectivity.

IP fabrics can natively support both Layer 2 and Layer 3 applications.

ring

VLANs

hybrid

spine and leaf

session authentication

DDoS protection

asset classification

network subnetting

TCP session tracking

MAC address learning

IGMP filtering

IP address learning of interested VTEPs