The correct Vault CLI command to query information about the token the client is currently using is 'vault token lookup'. This command is specifically designed to return details about the token you are using, including its policies, creation time, and expiration.

AppRole is a machine-oriented Vault authentication backend. It is designed for scenarios where machines or services need to authenticate with Vault, typically with specific role credentials. Okta and GitHub are human-centric authentication methods, and Transit is not an authentication backend but a secrets engine for encrypting data.

The command 'vault kv put secret/password value=itsasecret' in option B does not meet the security requirement that no secrets should appear in the shell history. In this command, the secret 'itsasecret' is directly visible in the command line, which would be stored in the shell history, thereby violating the security requirement.

A high availability Vault cluster cannot be built with any storage backend. Only specific storage backends such as RAFT/Integrated Storage, Consul, DynamoDB, Etcd, and FoundationDB support high availability clustering. Therefore, the statement is false.

The correct command to create a secret with a specific key and value in the KV secrets engine is 'vault kv put'. The path to the new secret is 'secret/my-secrets', and the data format must be in key=value pairs. Thus, the command should be 'vault kv put secret/my-secrets my-password=53cr3t', aligning closely with option D, given a minor syntax fix.