Irin is a newly joined penetration tester for XYZ Ltd. While joining, as a part of her training, she was instructed about various legal policies and information securities acts by her trainer. During the training, she was informed about a specific information security act related to the conducts and activities like it is illegal to perform DoS attacks on any websites or applications, it is illegal to supply and own hacking tools, it is illegal to access unauthorized computer material, etc.

To which type of information security act does the above conducts and activities best suit?

Adam is an IT administrator for Syncan Ltd. He is designated to perform various IT tasks like setting up new user accounts, managing backup/restores, security authentications and passwords, etc. Whilst performing his tasks, he was asked to employ the latest and most secure authentication protocol to encrypt the passwords of users that are stored in the Microsoft Windows OS-based systems.

Which of the following authentication protocols should Adam employ in order to achieve the objective?

Michael, a Licensed Penetration Tester, wants to create an exact replica of an original website, so he can browse and spend more time analyzing it.

Which of the following tools will Michael use to perform this task?

A hacker initiates so many invalid requests to a cloud network host that the host uses all its resources responding to invalid requests and ignores the legitimate requests.

Identify the type of attack -

Thomas is an attacker and he skimmed through the HTML source code of an online shopping website for the presence of any vulnerabilities that he can exploit.

He already knows that when a user makes any selection of items in the online shopping webpage, the selection is typically stored as form field values and sent to the application as an HTTP request (GET or POST) after clicking the Submit button. He also knows that some fields related to the selected items are modifiable by the user (like quantity, color, etc.) and some are not (like price). While skimming through the HTML code, he identified that the price field values of the items are present in the HTML code. He modified the price field values of certain items from $200 to $2 in the HTML code and submitted the request successfully to the application.

Identify the type of attack performed by Thomas on the online shopping website?