Project administrators can associate project roles with both groups and individual users. Groups allow ease of managing permissions for multiple users simultaneously, while individual users allow for more granular control within project roles.

To allow Martina to create and manage versions and components, as well as rank issues in the backlog, she needs permissions that enable comprehensive project management and issue handling. The 'Administer Projects' permission is crucial because it allows users to manage various project settings, including versions and components. The 'Move Issues' permission is also necessary because it enables complex operations on issues, which includes ranking issues in the backlog. Other permissions, like 'Transition Issues' and 'Bulk Change,' do not cover the specific actions required.

Jennifer Evans needs the 'Administer Projects' permission to manage project role membership and the 'Work on Issues' permission to log time to issues. According to the permission scheme, the 'Administer Projects' permission is granted to the 'Administrators' role, and the 'Work on Issues' permission is granted to the 'Users' role. Therefore, she needs a minimum of two project roles: 'Administrators' and 'Users'.

Teresa's inability to see the Approve transition could be due to two main reasons: she might not be in the correct group or project role, or she might not meet the condition set on the Approve transition. These factors would affect her visibility of specific transitions while allowing her to still see others like Start Progress.