Source Port Address Translation (PAT) is enabled by default when using Automatic Hide NAT rules created by the administrator. This is a standard configuration to ensure that multiple internal addresses can share a single public IP address by differentiating sessions using unique source port numbers.

Technologies used to deny or permit network traffic typically include Packet Filtering, Stateful Inspection, and Application Layer Firewall. Packet Filtering involves examining packets against a set of filters and applies rules to allow or block traffic. Stateful Inspection monitors the state of active connections and makes decisions based on the context of traffic. An Application Layer Firewall operates at the application layer, inspecting the entire message and making more in-depth security decisions. These technologies combined provide a robust mechanism for traffic management.

Identity Awareness allows for easy configuration for network access and auditing by using three specific items: network location, the identity of a user, and the identity of a machine. This approach provides comprehensive control and monitoring of user activities and access within a network.

Using AD Query, the security gateway connects to the Active Directory Domain Controllers using Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI). This standard Microsoft protocol allows for the extraction of user and computer mapping to the network address from the Security Event Logs without the need for a special server.

The types of Software Containers are Security Management, Standalone, and Security Gateway. These cover the main functionalities of handling the overall security management, gateway operations, and combined standalone operations for efficient and versatile cybersecurity measures.