You must design an Oracle Data Guard configuration for an OLTP database that meets these permanent requirements:
1. Data loss is not permitted.
2. Read-only applications should not connect to the primary database instance.
Additionally, there are these requirements, only one of which is ever done at any one time:
1. It should be possible to apply designated patches with a minimum amount of downtime.
2. Upgrading to a new database release should be performed with the least possible amount of downtime.
3. New application software releases should be tested against an exact and up-to-date replica of the primary database.
Which configuration meets these requirements with the fewest databases?